The College Record, December 21, 1892

              Tfi~ GOLLEGE R~G R
ISSUED TWICE EACH MONTH, AT LOGAN, UTAH. ::OUEE'CRJPTION,
75 CENTS PER YEAR.
E ntered at the l'oslofl'ice, Loa:an, Ctab, flS sceonrl-class mntter . .... . . . .... .- ....
VOL I. LOGAN, UTAH, 0ECE!t1BER 21, 1892. :::::
•
--------------------------------------------,·~.~~T.·~~.' .•~.-------
Come to U~t;::c:oll(~g~ •'n:dl and
Luneh next 'l•i, •lJ'<'rlav evening.
L OCAL EDITORS.
No. J
GEO. H. ROBINSON
I DA MITCHELL
MAUDE WORTHINGTON
L. C. POND,
EDNA CARDON.
GEO. UDELL. The comm i ! il('l! ·is ~!Q !·k i ng ban!
to make :t !:' U c<!e~~ N' d H•i r encleai'Or.
The1· willma1te·:von' at home and
~eo that you fll'~ :.ll'cl ( ~(·j·,·eu ' ·ith
LOCALS.
The Holida.1·s are fa~t approach­i
ng and students are looking- tor­ward
to vacation with pleasure,
whl-'n they 1rill again meet parent:;
and fri(:;ncls.
The REcmw 1rishes all a '' ,\Tern·
Christmas' and a happy :'\ew Year1'
The party to 1n gi vcn on the
evening of the 22, wi 11, no clou bt,
be a success, as the young ladi es
are determined to sell every body a
tickrt. The REl'ORJJ heartily ree­ounncnds
the . party and su ppcr to
all lovers of pleaRtuc.
Jf you can't dance, come al'ld eat.
Bro. Apperlcy 11·ishes it announ­cel1,
that all ladies wishing an
t'S:::vrt to the ball next 'l hursday
eveni11g may call at his o!Ilce and
he will be delighted ll'ith the favor.
Brq. Apperlcy payR for the lunch.
luneh . • •
Te:~elt l'r:- ancl Students are look­ing
for a delightful tin1 c.
THE SHAM '!'RIAL.
The pmeeeclings of the 'Fifth
J mlicwl Di ,.: trict Court' on the
evening of tho l()th pmn·d quite a
succe,s; n great dea l of intere:;t wa~
taken by all pre,.: en t.
The attorney::: aequitted thcm­seh
·cs in a 1·ery creditnble manner;
and taking the ~(·ssion all througl,,
it proved to be an e nj•Jyabll~ a!1ai r.
Geo. Udell was charg(~cl with \· io ·
Jating the secTccy of th;~ lwllnt box,
hy announcing the deciRion of the
judges and indicating 11·hich wa.v
each had rotecl, at the debate of
the previous mee ting, contrary to
the rules of the society and to the
laws of Utah made and provided for
such ca'e'.
Mr. G. A. Udell, the defendant The judiciary 1\'U!:' reprc::entcd by
in the 'Rham Trial'' held on the L. C. Ponfl. while of the legal circle
16th~· r::eemed quite as interested in IYerc present, Messrs. Bram1vcll for
h111'ing it carried out as did the the prosecution and Ricks for the
instigato1·s of the same. 0 .. ·. 0 i .defense. ·
uluo.
2 T IIE COLLEGE RECORD.
Clerk IInlme announced the
Court in :-;e,;;.ion, a number ofjury­men
were C'alled and n jury empan­ncled
in a Yen· short ti111e.
doubtless will, grow to be quite
large.
The suhseription, 15 cent~'< per
year, i11 too ~mall to be considen~d
b\ those who are interested in
t)\.mday School work, yonng prople'11
mutual improvement and in gener­al
e(lucation.
The 011ly ;{pparent difflculty in
;;ecurin~ jnrors was their hesitancy
in an:;\\·erin!!: the question, 'Arc you
a male citi;-;en of the United Rtates?'
1 n proceeding with the case a
nnmber >Ji· .~~.·j tne.,s.~ were called by
both side. ,f .:< rH1. althilugh there were
~ome condi·-tin~ ::~~atements, the
evidence \)'ill\ cul\\~1'Ci ng.
Br;ll11\l~l~.~ n 'Joi ll-tl~ ing the argu­ment
fur tha rio,,;r;~ution, made ~l
fierce pa,.~ . ~vito · ·:t'he right' but
Ricks wa~ :14tl t witliM reach. Bram­\
1'<:'11 now made s~~~~·~l feint:< with
the Jpft an \J.,:DnYi;\ceJ the audience
that Rid:iJ ~~~ulrJ.• ·r1a ve to [Pad for
an opening, 1rhich he did by com­ing
up in the sero/1(/. He soon con­vinced
the audience that thi::: roun<1
''a' fm the Llefensc.
We might ask for an exchange
with the 'College RccorLl' but pre­fer
to encourage the undertaking by
subscribing. And we trn~t that the
Cache Valley pu bli~ will give it a
generous patronage all rou ncl.
Bntmwell led in the tl1ird and
made 'e'·cral telling points eoJwin­eing
Rick~'<, and the jury, that 'Pet­tifoggers'
were not in it.
The mar!:<hal was Hworn and re­tired
with the jury, who soon re­turnetl
with a 'Verdict of nniltv''
Hit~ Honor sentenced the def~nd­ant
to <lpologize to the ladv judgeR,
whose vote he had made public. and
to secme seventy-fi vc su b!'riptiont<
to the CoLLEGE l{Ecottn. The court
then adjourned.
--()--
COMMENTS OF THE :PRESS.
A \\'ORTHY Pl>Oj I'CT.
The Faculty of the Brigham \' oung Col­lege
have established a non-resident course of
study-leading to a diploma. Such a ven­ture
we think is calcluatecl to aid the cause of
education. It will <>nahle those who are un­able
to attend the college, to take a course of
collegiate insr•·uction. :Vbny school teachers
are ued t•> their ta~ks Juring the clay who
could devote evenings to other 'ork .
Nothing would better employ their extra
time, nor wo1uld anything be of more advan­tage
to their schools or to the communit y,
than thus enabling them lo <lo this college
work. ll not o:1ly imwoves the1r time, but
it gives their ambitions a chance for life and
(\!)eS not suffer poverty or inc >~venience to
gradually smother their aspirations for higher
c;lucation.
Students living in Cache County'' ill have
their examinations at the College, but those
living at too great a clis1ance will be examin­erl
by public <chool off•ceJ·~ selected hy tht:
Collej,e Faculty. lt is to he hoped that this
new feature will meet with the universal ap·
probation it merits, anc\ that m~ny who arc
now wondering if they will ever ri~e abllve
the common school branches, may a1·ail
them;elves of this opportunity for a classical
or scientilic eclucation.-Journal.
lFrom the Logan NATION.) TAKE THF: NON-RESIDENT COURSE.
\
----
There i-=; a field for the '·College There arc hundrPds ot perso ns 1n
Record' in which to accompli!!h an this Territory \rho~e time 1rould
important work. The subject!' to permit and who~e inclination;,;
be especially treated will be of the would dictate that they pur~ Uf!l a
deepest intere11t to the young men course of study such ns wa~ Ol,lt­and
women of our City and Countv. lined in the preYions iflsue of
and it!l ci rculation ought, and I REcoHD.
T II E C 0 L L E G E R E C 0 R D,
But to many the task look!' for ­midable.
To these we would say
th:tt the habit of regular study
grows upon a person and fixes it­self,
~o t hat the .11ethod ical routine
soon becomes l e~s irksome. And
as differeut subjects are mastered
a nd new ground traver::~ed, the wo rk
becomes entertai1~ing and even fas­cinat
ing.
As to the amonnt of ITOrk re­q
uired , that need not trouble uny
one possest:ing goo• l health and
a desire for se!f-impro\'ement.
There are few persons that do not
perform enough extra labor every
three years to enable them, with
proper direction of that c-tlo r t, to
<!omplete in that time the course we
ha \'e laid out.
Appreciation of the benefits of
mental training and a little pluck
and per:::istence a r e the main condi­tions
inindispcn~able to succc~s
this work. If you cannot attend
anv in~titution of learning whv
not enter upon the non-r~'~irh:1;1
course? --- - - --
MOTOAL IMPROVEMENT.
TheY. L. :.\I. I. Cfuidc which is
being published. is endorser! by the
presiding oliicer~ and recommended
to all local oHicer~; of theY. L. L
I A.
It. is designed tl' assist the young
ladies in their improYement work.
It is of the greatest in1por~tncc
that the assuciatiuns be furni'hed
with ''The G uicle' as it gives s_p­tematic
instruction, thereby afford­as,
far as pos~;ible, h:umony in the
studies.
Realizing its intrinRic 1•aluc 'The
Guide.'; will receive a hl'arty wel­come
from the oll1cer::; of Caehe
Stake.
While ll.nticipating its arrival our
co-workers a r c urged to continue
their manifvst e11•'rgy and zeal,
bearing con~tantly i~1 mind that
the founclatiun uf our improvement
is laid in fait!J, which, united 1rith
righteous work, ::;trengthcncd by
prayer, 1~il l gi,·e tbe Holy ~pirit ..
an ever pre~tnt guide, to the hunJ­ulc,
inciting tO cliligent:P in Obtain­ing
all cle:-;imhle infor1!1ation,
prompting the adoption of eYery
true method of ad vann~ment, gi v·
ing encouragement :1ncl c;trength i11
emergenl'ies Through obedience
lO it:; lJehe>tS ll'iJl Ol; e,:tabJi~IJcd an
a~so1·iation that 1rill ~tand the
5torms of agt'S, endure the rniu;; nf
di::;appoilltlllent,; ancl trium]'h o1·er
Lhe wind::; of dcrogatory influ­ences.
and he an i11~1itntion of
po1rer tu the honor aud gl.,ry of
God, and the sah·ation of it::: llll'm­bers.
THE FIRST DAY IN SCHOOL.
to lw inv;duable to the inexper- It i~ Raid that all uoginning;; are
icnced, to rmpply a nt>eded want. in difficult. The fir:-:t day',; 1rork i n
fctct to be- as its name implies-a school will put the teacher to the
gt1ide to all . ltebt. A few ~ugge~tionR. therefore,
'It treats as 'ubject~: Theolo!!:y, to teacher;; of little experience m:l.)'
Fl)'giene and Chmch history; it be kindly received.
contains hints on conducting meet- The teacher sho~ld see. i n the
ings. methods of instructi0u. · etc. fir~t place, that the r-chool-roon1 is
·The Young \\'oman's Journal properly cleaneil and marie conJ­will
also publish artides of inform- fortable-attracti1·e, if po~sib l e-be­ation
on the abo1·e subjects, and 1fore nine o'clock on the morni ng of
how to nwaken inte rest i n them. commencing school. This is no
4 THE COLLEGE RECORD.
part of the teacher's work, but it to write their names on slips of pa­;;
houltl rceei 1·e his personal atten- per furnisheu by the teacher. These
tion. a~ trusteE:s in the press of slips can be used by the teacher in
other l>usines~, may overlok it. calling on the pupils for individual
Outlines of class work and <t recitation. It is also a good de\'ice
daily program ohoulcl be carefully for learning the names of the stu­prepared
before commencing. The rlents- a very important matter.
\YOrk laid out, however, mav ha1·e Rpecific directions for prepara-to
be modified if the schooi is not tion should be given to every ciass ·
weli graded. in assign ing lessons for next clav.
After a good night's rest, the To be able to give these !=<pecific
teach<'r should present h1mself at direct,ions in connection with
the ~-<chool-room on time in good changing some oi the problems in
health and in goorl Rpirits. He calls the l<>sson leading to dlf-J'crent an­the
attention of the pupils at the swers than the ones given in the
ap!)ointed time and kindly asks text-book is, in my opinion, the
them to follow him, in a ohort and mark of :t good teac}1er. Any Olle
sirnple praver. The right kind of who can talk, can interest a class
prayer fnllowed hy 'inging. ap- and conduct a recitr~tion, but it
propri:tte reacli ng, or a few well ex- takes a teacher to assign lessons in
pressed thoughts will dn mueh to the prooer way.
~ceu rc the c0nfide11ce and eo-opera- The last exercise nf the clay might
tion of the pupils. be ~omething of a g<>neral character
On commencing the class work in which all can take part. Close
of the rlav, confu~ion IYill be intro- school in a pleasant way.
ducecl un.less the teacher has both The thoughtful teacher will learn
tact and talent. Se1·eral reasons much the fir~t clay of the disposi­could
he gi\'Cn whv lwttcr order can tinns and :tttainments of hi;; pupils.
be secured by com;neneing with the e;;pecially if he i~ a good j uclgt: of
reading les!'!ons. As ~oon as the human n:l.lure. He may hu.ve to
firi't cla«s 1s called to recito, spc- restrain ~ome and encour;1ge others.
eial prcp:1.ration should be assigned Let him perform his duty honestl.r
to all other cla!'l~e,;. No time and with kindness to all ancl spo­r-;
hould he spent in recording cial favor,.; to nnnr. He 1-'houlcl not
names. Thr pnpill'l should not ht:J
1
worry over re!-lults. He will make
asked to comply with any set of mi,..take,., hut if ht:J carpfully notes
rules. and no threats or promiser-; them they may be made stepping
should be made or severe critici~m stones to success.
passed. In this progres~i 1·e age no teacher
Some of the objective points to be ~.:an rest secnre in hi po ·ition on
gained the first day are as follow:-1. school work of the pa~-'t. Each
Secure good order and willing obe- day's work in the school-room
dience. l\lake the recitations inter- :;hould be followed by 11 b tter one.
esting ancl instructive, but expect In no other 1my can he be n. live
little from the students. Impress teacher.
-some moral trnth and create a clP- W. H. ArPrcKLEY.
sire to be prompt in coming to
school on the follo1ving day. The
membersofeach class on being cal-led
to the recitation should be asked
T li E C 0 L LEG E R E C 0 R D. 5
DESIGN IN NATURE.
III.
What is more wonderful than the
human eye, which sec:; all around?
This was the re1·eren t question of
an early writer. Does the eye show
rl e'i~n in its construction'? Or i. •
thi,; - organ and instrument pro­duced
lw c!Jance·?
I in the centre through which light
may pa:<f>. The iris i-::. a ~elf-adjusting
netll'ork which no skill of m~1n cnn
equal. It enlarge~; or diminish~>!',
without any direetion of onr ll'ill,
according to t.he intun;.;ity of the
1 igb t, and a! ways in •t pe rfect circ le.
\\'ithin the<'e mem bnt no us 00\'er­ings
are eevend hn1110r<',the lHJen HH
the cryKtalline, th · ,·itn·ou~. of fine,.:t
refracting power. The eoating on
the ren.r is pierced hy a fine thre:~d
cal lei the optic n1•rve, which Rpreads
out on the deep interior <>f the ere
as a delicate 'crc<'n c;dl~'cl the retuia.
The e:v.e is located in that part of
the bod v where it can be used to
nlost advantage. It is <t delica.te
organ anrl is therefore placed in a
hollow or cavity, so as to be. for
the most part, out of harm's way.
It i::; sheltered above bv an arched
rampart, whi.·b wards ~ff per.~pira­tion
from entering it. On the out­side
a fine, soft lid ·buts out the ex­tra
light that would otherwise blind
it; and a delicate fringe form:; a
beautifui curtn.it: over it that never
needs trimming. The membrane
covering the eyeball is transparent,
the only exposed surface of the bndy
that bas this charal:ter. It is kept
oiled by ~ finer lubrica.ting JluiJ
than is used for the mo::;t delicate
machinery. The eyelid c·loscs in­voluntarily,
thns di;tributing the
tluid unifonr 1 v o1•er the eyeball.
Then topreven.t this fluid froin run­ning
down OYer the faee, a drainage
system is armn~erl to carry it off
into the nostrils. where it serves the
purpose of filtering the :tir we breathe
free from duRt hefore it reaches the
lungR. Several membranes form
the outer case of the eyeball. The
outer membrane, the scZero?ic, sud­denly
becomes tran~parent a:< crys­tal
in front. This part is called the
q_ornea, and it fits with beveled edge
Uj)O\) the s<.:lerotic, JUSt as a 1\'ateh
c~se is recei vecl by the groo,·e · in
i,t~:~ ca,:e. Underneath this i-; the
~'{:fs, another mem brn.nc that be-
. ¢o~me~'· thoroughly onaque in front,
l?JJ.t with a small opening. the pupil
~o11· noli<·e that the outer menJ­branc
of the <•ye mtHt become tran­sparent
in one place or ly. at the
cornea; u.nd this t ran;.;parcnt p:nt
must corre~pond exactly ll'ith the
orbit of the openi11!! of the eye.
Xc•xt the iri::; n1u't cnt off ali the
light <'--<:ept that 1rhieh may enter
an opening of the ~izc of a pin ht·acl.
Then the rnvsoflight thur-; arlrnitt<•rl
rnu:-t be trn.ited, or tlwre ll'i!l he rw
di;;tinct. image. hut 'nly a difhrf;<>d
light. Then the retina mu;;t lw
pbc.:>d in the very axi~ of the trans­parent
cornea, and nowhere else.
All this and morr mu~t be :teeom­pli~
hed if there is to be di.;tillct
viRion. X ow, all tlw'e pr el'aution~:->
have actuallv been taken. The eyr
is an optic;d io~trnment. a re.al
canwra obscura . IL is Relf-aclju:-;1-
ing. l'O that ~re ma.'' look at ohjecb
far or near, without ei!ort in adj u~t­ing
this in:-trurn ent. The tele,.;cope
or micro,:eope mu!'t be adjusted by
a sl0\1' process for rlist i net vision at
everv cliJierent distance. It i;.; bet­ter
t-han the glass lenRes marie by
man . in that iti,.; arhromatic-i. e.
does not Reparate each ray into th~
s·ven color::; of the Rpectrum, as
ordinary lPnRes do. The lenses ln
the eves of fhdws are nrore convex
than 'those of land animals, in order
,,. .. that Yision with them may !'till be
6 TilE COLLEGE RECORD
d!:-tind; for \Yn.ter is denser than \ agaim•t the repetition of the miracle
;ur, :tnd the same rlegree of curva- in countless millions of eves would
tnre in t.he eye-len!'CS of wa~er he sv great as to be inex}>;·essible in
'peeie:< :11-' m those ot land 'PCCles figures and inconceivable in thoucrht
1roulu rv'ult in in?i:<tii:ct vi:;iot.>. \Vhy, then, can we not beli~ve
Beeau::;c :tn ammal hves m water 1t that chance or a blind nature con­doe<;
no~ follow physically that the structed th~ organ of 'ight?' Be­?~
· .v.'tt.dlJne onght to ?e mo.re cotn·ex. c~use it would require too mueh
l h1s 1 ·a matter of mtelllgent fore- faith or mere credulitv to belieYe it.
~ight. and not of phyRical necessity. J. H. PAUL .
. In the formation oftheeye,either _____ _
llgh t ha:-; triumphed over matter
and has bvnt iL to serve marvelous NOTES ON CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY.
use,.:, or Pli<c Inatter itself has be-
COllle nmstrr oflight. The harmony II.
is a mrtrvel of mfl.rvels. An orgn.n The conquerors of Britain were
is so adapted to a phy;.;ical environ- only a few of many kindred tribes
ment-light-that the conclul'ion who~e law ~::, customs, languacre, and
that thev were made for eaeh other religion were almost iflEntical.
l.'CCl1b ;Tesistibh'. It i;; !'aid that These tribe:> had long before gi ven
there are snn1e thirteen condiLions employmPnt to the swords of Ro­neces~
ary to distinct v1s10n. I man soldiers and the pens of
have abo,·c CJ1\.1llleratcd four or five Roman writers. Rome's grentest
of them . Each co ndition is tl!e rc- gcnentl left an account of thef'e
suit of :t long chain of cauF<es, work- tribeE<, \rhose subjugation he was
ing with<lnt any knowledge of the planning at the time of his death,
other twelve. Unle~:-; they a re di- in a work still f'tnclied in our
rectecl and co-ordin ated bv some schoo18; Ronw's ablei3t hi storian de­(
J\·er r11ling power o r prov1d cnce, voted a special work to an investi ­what
is the chance that they will g~•tion of their· laws, custom~, and
hit upon the right com hi nation for government. Tbe~e fi r~t gli 111 pse!<
sight'? ::'\ot one to thirteen; the of the G rman tribes reveal :q cople
c hanee i one to factorial thirteen. of practi<·a II y democratic gm·ern ­Thirteen
even ls can arnwge them- \ ment, among whom a hcn'1l i t:1 ry lHl­><
ehes not merely in thirteen differ- bilit.y occ11piPd a positioi1 rather of
ent order', hut in >;,Hl3 differ nt honor than power; and :t chief held
-ways. The chance of a par:ieubr n plH.ce more of influence than
combination of thirteE:'n things <Jr of anthority. The freemen of each
conditions is found hy mnltip!y;ng little villn.gc nwt in :t'-'semblies
together all the numbers f10m one which exerci:<rd practically the leg­to
thirteen inclu~::ive. There,rould islatiYe ~tncl judicial fnnt'tions of
be 8,192 chances against, to one government; ancl choRe tlw ma!!is­ehance
in favor of, the E:'.Ye being so trates \Yho preAided over them in
constructed as to enable sight, if 1)eace, or the chieftains \rhom they
chance aml not rlesign construetec\ followed in war. \\'ar \Y<IR almost
it. Thil' '·ould he the chance of the normal ~ond ition of these
pn>duction for a single eye; but I tribes; and able chieftains gath­eyes
occur evPrywhere in pair~::, f'O er ecl arounrl. them a permanent
that for each pair this improbability band of warlike follmrerf', known in
would be doubled. And the chances this earlier and freer st'l.te of society
T II E C 0 L LEGE IU~ C 0 I< D.
as gesiths, or companions, in later increased dominions gro11·ing too
times as thanes, or se1Tants. Cour- Ltrge for personal supen·io;ion. rc­age
:tod fidelity were the leading qui reel a del cgation of au l hori ty to
virtues of thi8 martial people; trea- ~ubCJrdinateB. Ruch !:;nbordinates
son, rlesertion or cowardice were were natttrally ;;deetl'll from the
imnished by death. Other olhmces king's mo~t truR~ecl personal retain­were
generally expiated by fines, er:::, or tlwnP~; who, dig1tifiPd hy of­a
portion of which always went to fice and enriched hy l!ifts of land,
the injure([ party. E1·en munler were i'upplnnting the ol(l hPreditary
might be atonecl for by payment to nobility.
the kin ofthe murdered man; and a The introduction uf Christianity
systematic scale of prices was had political a,; well as religious
placed upon the life of men, varying ~ignificance. The hip;her ecclesi­in
amount according torank. Land a;;ties became influential nwmbers
was the property, notofindividualR. of the national and Iota! as!'em­but
of the tribe; the pasture land blic,.. and to their influence iR no
remaining undivided while that duubt owing the preparation of the
1rhich was tilled mighL be rcdivi- codes of written Jam.: which fol­ded
annually. lowed thPir appearance in the Eng-
The invasion and conquest of li&h kingdoms. The tu:·bulcnt
.·outh-eastern Britain naturally sta e of ~;ocietv is el'ident from the
1\'l'OUghtchanges in the social eon- n;tture of ea.rly Jegi,.datillll. Tiw
dition of the con 1Ucror~. An a!- first code, that of Ethelbert, is al­most
inces>=ant mi.rfn.re necessita- mDst whnlly deYoted to viol<:'ttt at­ted
a prolongcrl cxerc~i,.,e of unusual tack;.: upon pr>r~on or property. The
anthority by th1~ chief~; and con- dominion built I' J.! by that ~o,·ercign
tinned victoriPs enabled tlt e lll to lwgan to break in pieces en'n before
assume the title of king. Though his death, and im1twdiately after
in 110 instance do we learn thnt any that event 'orthumhria. the most
band of irwnders 1ras led tu Bri- n<,rtlwrly of the Angle kingdom'.
tain by a king, the first getwra- sprang into 'uclclen power. Ecl­tion
of CO!liJUerors in each loe<tlity \1-in, the Jir~t of the great Xort:llnll­was
generallr ruled b1· one. The orian king', built and gave his nan1e
inC'reascd o;ize of the J~nglish king- to Ed\Yinhurgh. or Edinburgh, in
doms, reo;nlting from thH pnwcss of the north, and conquered the Rax­consolidation
alreadv mentivnl'd ons of \\'es!'ex in the extreme Routh
by removing the ki;1g JllfJre ancl j of Britain. Hifl son-in-l;tw Oawin,
more from the ma'' of his subject~, bron?(ht alJOut a union of the
tended to invPst him with a mr.·- Christian churches throup;bout the
teriou,.; dignit1·, which aided in the Englit<h kingdoms under the arch­increase
of his authority; and, by bishop of Canterburv. Theodore
r ·ndcring it more and more rlillicult of Tart:Sus, the first arch bishop who
for the mass of the people to gather excrci.,ed tbi;; enhtrged juris<lictioP,
at the assemuly of the freemen of divided Engli~h Britain into dioce­the
nation, lerl that aso;embly gmd- ses, and sun1moned the bisho] s
ually to become simply a gathering from all quarters of the land 1o
<>f the highP.r o1ticials and the in1- meet in national synods. These
mediate attendants of the king.l eeclesiastical <t!'Semblies were. polit­ConqueAt
placed large tracb of ically useful by helping tl-1e growth
land at the dispo!'a] of the king; his of a national sentimc11tand by pay-
8 Tlll·: COLLEGE RECORD.
ing the 1my for a national legisla­ture.
·'The !'\'llOc1s 1rhich Theodore
conYcned, as !·eligiousl.Y representa­ti,
·e of the \\'hole Engli~t1 nat.ion,'
says the historian Green. ·'Jed the
way by their ex:un ple to our na­tional
Parliament; ll'hile the canons
which thesl' couneib enacted,
though carefully a1oiding allllit ect
intermeddling ll'ith seculnr Inatl\'r~,
point(·fl the way tu a national ~)·,;-
tern of law.' .J. F. l\IILLER.
c;triking fignres is ~o climcult of
acquirement, it may be thought
that only thP later literar? products
of a nation c u ld welle()ntain them.
The truth, ho1rever, is quite to the
contrary. The childhood of a na­tion-
when the· imagination is un­fettered
by reason, and when words
arc FO limitc·d as to make it neces­sary
to exprc,:s new ideas in trrms
of the olcl-i::; yery rich in this
'JUality of rxpression. T his may be
illustrated hy expressions of the un­lt~
tored: a Yankee, noticing the re­eoil
of his gun when discharged by a
stran~er. explain~ that •itisskittesh
at fir~t.' An Indian chief, wishing
to gi ,·e the idea of great distance,
makes use of the ex~1ression 'as
far off as the sun sleeps.' Such
figures po>;sc~s to a r:ue degne the
cs~entia l q I tali ty- suggestiveness.
They irnprcs;; us as coming ''wartn
[•om the hen.rt.'' Too frequently
figures l.H:ar 1 ht• nwrk of conscious
ellllrt, as if hammer-:;d out by the
cold process. But '·hen the imagi­nation
reveals the relations of
things in a trope, ·glowing with
poetic fire,' 1rc haYc ::;uch as this
from Sbake;.;peare:-
- - o--
FIGURATIVE LA G\.iAGE.
The English language has beer.
l'ery appropria\.(•1)· ''poken of a, :t
'n••~e-gay nf fadeLl metaphors:'' the
truth of 1rhich beco:-LCR apparent.
even under a limited ex:uuiwttion
of thu words of our language. Fig­nrc:
3, or tr,lpe~, me<m as the latter
term signifies, a turning from the
ordinary manner of rxpn·R!'ion. In­Rtcad
of expresRing idea~ hy WOrd~
tl1at naml', 0r denote, them, other
terms are employed, which suggest.
or con note, them; such as the word
·c.1ckerow' instead of morning. Now,
when words have lung been used in
a figurative sense, they frequeutly
come to be regarded as no longer
fif!;urative, haYing lost their original
meaning-faded. An acquaintance
with the etymologies of -words re­vefds
many of this chrtracter; to
illu ti·ate, the word 'attention'-dull
and lifeless enough it has grown to
he-is formed of two worde~ from the
Latin ad meaning •'to' or 'towards'
and lenrlo to stretch; giving the
word a literal meaning 'to stretch
towards;' n.n n.ct w hit:h when asser­ted
of the mind is clearly n0t, plain
language. 'Apprehend' is literally
expressed in the less favored ver­bal
combination 'to catch on.' But
these, like so many others, have
lost their figurative color.
Inasmuch as the power to coin
Night's candles are burnt Olit, and jocund
day .
Stands tip-toe on the misty mountain top.
In general. expression gains not.
so much in clearness as in force by
the use of the trope. The word
'sunset' is unrJuestionably clearer
than Loufellow's description of it
in the 'ord~. 'The dn.y is done,
and slowly f rom the scrne the
stooping sun upgathers his spent
shafts, and puts them back in his
golden quil'er.' But the two are
incomparable in the effect- the
pleasure excited. ln the main ,
figures appeal not so much to the
ui1derstanding as to the heart.
F. K. NEBEKER.
TilE COL LEGE RE 'ORD, 9
CARE OF THE EYES.
Ther e are few profes;.ions or
trades which clo not require good
eyesight, though there arH great di f­ferences.
Tbe sncct>s~ of the
teacher, lawyer, doctor, journalist.
accountant, and tradesn1en of near­ly
every class depend~ upon the
continued strength of the eyes. Not­withRtand
ing the importance of thi1<
member I kn ow of no o rgan in the
human body, not even excepting
the stomach, that is more fret!nent­ly
abused.
The effect of this abuse is tbat
we, to some extent, are becoming :1
s pectacle-using people, s ho1ri ng
t.hat defective eyesight is becomi ng
prevalent
· l\hnv obserYations of Cohn in tlw
sc h ool~· and Univer~'<ity of Bref'lau.
of Erismann in Rt, PL~tersburg. ancl
of others in Europe and the Un i­ted
StaLL·s prOI'l' condmin·ly t11nt
one of the had e1feets of ~'<'hilol and
colll3gc lifu i~ to produce di~ease of
eve;; The 'eriousnes;: of this tincl­i;
lg 'may be the bettrr understood
whE'n we remember that FhortRight­ccl
ness is a cli~ease. and that it cle!:t­l'tntls
from one generation to an ­other.
marked by SLH:h organic
c· hanges in the P1·es as tL•nd to pro­duce
't!w 1ror~tft-irm of th is malad1·.
and leads to blindne,s. ·
::\lany of the c>vil etfects spoken
nfmay he a\·erteclby following a few
i-iq1ple . rule:s, 1rhich 1 Yent­tne
to give a;; a re:rninder to some
who through thoughtlessness a re
dail ,v injurin g t h eir eye'.
ru~h · ·s t•> the ('\'C' with serious r e­sults.
As too. nmch sound can
make the car dcn.f, so tr>o rn u(•h
light c:ur make the eye llli nd there­fore
do nnt n•arl out o!' doors J101' at­telllpt
to look at the sun \rithout
the prntectiDn of eolorcd g la ~se:;.
Do not rt·ad 1rith t<Unlight falling
on bi)ok or paper.
Do not read aftPr snnset bv n a­t
nr<ll light. D., not read IY.;th a
1rindow or liglrt directly in frnnt
of you unless,_protectccl l)y a screen.
Ne1·er read ll'hile traveling. nf' the
eye,; beeomc tin:d of the c mtinued
strain in accomrrrodatine: then.­fiPlve,;
to tlw eon~tant, c: l1ange of
cliotances of the book from - the
e1·r. If studying b_v artificial
light, usc a screen t0 kerp off tire
heat of the bmner. Tlw head
rnust not. be hot '·bile reading.
Do lit.t lo while tirrcl or Ricer,\·.
\Vlwn the RyRtern has been ,,. f-'~1~­enerl,
grea.t ea re should he taken of
thee\·(',.;. Thcv should ha1·e re;;t.
Beca.~eful in n.'mn1·ing objeeb that
get into the eye. Do not rub b u t n­move
as carefully as possi IJl e. Eyc­o;
Lonrl:i, flax seeds, or button s hou ld
not be med for this purposP.
J. IT. LT:\'FORI>.
--o--
PRIZR ~UE3TIONS .
I offer a CIJj),Y of'· A ncicn t History
1}\' Thrrlheinwr' to anv student or
teacher· in Cache Corrn.t \· who will
sPnd me witlrin tbi,-ty' da1·s, the
he,;t Rl't of answers to the foil owing
quPstioilH for puhlicntion in the
CoLLEGr; R'cnRD.-\\'. H. APPERLEY.
The desks ~ ho u lcl be so placer! in
the schoolroom that the li ght tMW
not sh ine directly in the pupil~
eyes. Lack of light in the school­room
is serious. as is cross light
from oppo~itc windo1rs.
1. \Vhere and by whom was the first pub­lic
school in Cache Coun1y taught?
2. What is the besl prevenlive for weak
eyes in the school·room?
The pupil shou ld not bend ewer
his work, in so doing the blood
3. \Vhat rules in d iet and exerci<;e should
a hard student adopt?
4· \\'rite an original sen1 iment on the
founder of the B. Y, College, not more than
one hunch·ecl worcl~.
,\nswers must be brief,
10
TH E COLL EGE R E CORD.
CACHR COUNTY .SGHJOL EXHIBIT. A B a Ja ;!c iug Experiment.
The committee ::..ppointed by the
County teacher s' in t>titute to con­sider
the Cttehe Conn ty !3C hool ex­hibit
for the Wo rld '~S Columbian
Exposition a t Chieago next year,
met, in Logan as per adjournment,
on Saturday last.
With th e a id of t 'H! ordina ry ladle to be
fonnd in e 1- ~ 1 · y !.::itchen the re can be ex­hi
\.Jite<l su nd ry hu lancing experiment s,
whe r ein the ce JJ ~er of g r a vity is not merely
br oug ht below bu t C<trrierl to one side of
the point of s u spe:lsion. One of these ex­pel'iments
is be re illustrated.
It w:cts decided that the schools
of P<tradi;;e should makP C•J ll ectionR
ot nJineral s, including ore::~, coal,
fossil s, gems, building s ton e~ . soils,
pecular formations. etc.
The Richmond and Smithfield
schools a re t.o make c,1llectious of
the plant life of this region, includ­ing
tiowers, leaves, and gr<tin t3.
The Hyrum Schools are t o make
collections of nati ve woods, and to
:.tid in the anima l collections.
The Well sville schools are to
make collections of anima l l ife. in­cluding
specimens of in sects ·and
worms mounted on ca1·ds. also skins
of mammals, bird~', fish es, and rep-
- tilefl, mounted or unmounted.
The Logan schools ar e w furni sh
products of manual training. photo­graphs
of school buil dings, grounds.
teach er,., and pupi ls, and samples
of Kindergllrten work.
Materials for exhibH in the line
of primRry, grammar, and high
school work are to be furnished. as
far as possible, by all th e schools
in the county.
Teachers will please take notice
of the for egoin g, and proceed at
once with the work of coliection.
Suggestions and directions in
relation to this work will appear
from time to time in THE REC ORD ~
Respectfully,
E . R, Owen,
H. A. Campbell.
J . H . Paul
Sub-committee.
THE SELF Bil.LANCED LADLE.
P lace a h alf opened pocketknife on the
edge of a table, uo shown in the cut, hook
the ~bank of the ladle over the angle made
by knife and blacl e, the concavity of the
bowl being turned t oward the table, and
leave all to itself. The knife will rock and
the lad le swing backward and forward
till th <>Y uml the position of stable equilib­rium.
I t you fill t he bowl of the ladl e
wit h saQ(l t h e kn ife will not fall; but, on
the cont r ary, its a ngle will rise higher, ann
will continue t o clo so farthe-r and farther
so long as the center of gravity rests out­side
the t a ble t op.
California R ose s for Perfume.
It is claimed t hat t est s o~ California roses
show them to possess 20 per cent. more of
the volatiic oil than the F rench roses,
which mea n s t.he devQlopment of a new in­dustry
for California . The town of Grasse
alone, oue of the cente.r s of perfume facto­ries
in B'r:mce, gives employment to 5,000
per sons, nnu i t is said t hat as much as fifty
cents per pound is paid for some flowers.
T 1-I E COLLEGE REC 0 RD. 11
EGYPT!.~~~T!QI_IITifS. I
Found a.t 1'el t.:I Antarna by Dr. Flin...: e •
Petri' and 3,000 Years Old. 1
This collection of interesting antiquir i ·r'
comprises frescoes, marbles, carving, pr;•
tery, fluted pi.ll.1rs of a kind not hitherL••
known, b(:ads, pieces of valuable glaze 1\ll O:)
the actual fum aces used for glass worl; ..
ing. A unique treasure is a plaster ca't
from the mask after death of the face of
King Khuenat<•,,
himself, who b..,: ,,
this city 1400 B. C. ,
· and which ''''
made for the wori:­men
who prepm·ed
his tomb. 'i.'ile
face shows 1 IF• I
original and ind e­pendent.
chara ; , r
of the king. w :1o
CAST OF HEAU OF KING introduced a Hll t
KHUENATEN. of sun wor :l. ip.
shown ou one of the rock tablets w\, cre
Khuenaten, his queen and two daughte rH
are represented worshiping the sun, ft·onJ
which lO 'lg rays are streaming. At tile
end of each ray is a hand, typifying the
helpful life giving element of the sun.
Several ~cnlptures of Khuenaten are
shown, be:wtifully carved, and the outline
of the face of his n1otlwr, (~ueen Thii. A
horse's hP.acl 'ill bas-relief is full of spiril;.
The pavement of the great ball of tho
harerr. of the palace was painted in a tJ:lL·
ural anrl realistic style with plants, bit·cf,;
and animals of an artistic excellence nnwh
beyond anything llitl1erto foun<l at tl~:lt
period or nut.il very many centut·ies l:ttt•r
in Assyria and Greece. In another roo:11
are the broken pieces of cuneiform tald e t~
found in the rubbish boles of tllrl ·
scribe's house near the palace, ~ern p~
of absolute dictionaries, one of them
in parallel Assyrian and Egyptian. 'l'hl•
diplomatic correspondence contained in
tbe regular baked cuneiform tablets
formel'iy ctorecl in the bouse were found
there three years ago and are now pluce<l
in various museums. Here are also slabs
vf ma1·ble, wirh specimens of outline carv­ing
from a seuiptor's school, of the highHst
interest.
Dr. Petrie iu bis excavations bas come
upon such evidencE'S of the lapidary and
glassblower's at·t as fairly astound oue.
And when WP examine the statues hewn
in various swnes, and the exquisite finish
of the sculpt01·'s work, either in limt>stoul!
or jasper, we are not surprised to tin<! that
side by &itle are e\•idences of a great scnlp­ture
.schonl ·--~·:.lab...; of .:;;ton'~ C{J Yt:•red w;rll
tbe n-01-:, c i · .. ,. ::upils co.pylng i ~' ' :
ter's exalllpl e ~. But it is not only 1' 1 ;,.
glassblower's art and the skill of the Phl.l-'-
I' A VE~I I': NT FRAGMENT.
nicinns at Tel el Amarna we turn wit.il
wondr•r. \Ve find, or rather Dr. FlinderB
l'~tri~ bas ronnel for us, evidence of Greek
inflnt·uce, ancl the pots and vases frOlll
:Vlycena> ilfll' e e\'idently been brou.ght t')
the banks of the ~ile foradefinite purpose
hy KhnPn:ttPn. the king. Yet this, of all
othe1· can~es of wonder, is pcrhap~ thP
~rPates t. that here at Tel el Amarna nmy
bt> fon ' 'tile first real examples of apply ·
inC{ or ''tnral forms conventionalized to
,;n1·fac~ ornam~nt ou a large scale. The pi l­Iars
of Kbuenar.en's palace were scratched
from ba,;e to capital in representation or
the Jiving Yine adapted to the use of orua­nwnt
An<l when we gaze at the piecu of
frt•sc<r. witb its rich Indian coloring and
the ~trauge .Japanese treatment and draftb·
mansnip, we feel that we must begin
again H ~ 1 t.lu· l:·s:.;ons in color that Egypt
bad t:mght us, an<! honor t.he king who
was the ori :~inator of this great uew de-·
parture of arl ill the Fifteenth centur.1·
II. C. by the han!:~ cf the 1'\ile,asweth:<nk
the explorPr for· !wing tlw means of it~
t·esunl•l:ti~u in tbi~ :'\ineteeuLh century of
Cl11·ist.
A L~1 hura.~ury Device.
~-lost pr:wtieai cht•nJists at·e painful] .)·
awru·e of t:Jt· uu:-oig!Jtly appear·ance or re·
ag.,ut bot ri , ~. <.:au,;ed by tbe <lrops of tl''
solutions ru:aJ~ng down the outside Hl!l.l
crysr.all i ziu;.~. . tlu-J·l'Oll. Po[Jillar Sciuoce
News tl'll,; thllt Li:is lllay be prevented by
simply painting thP rim \l'itb melted par­Affin.
Ca~~ ~IJOuld be taken to cover only
the sicll' Of the lip-uone should be put Oll
the upper surf'ace. This cao be accom­plished
most easily by using a small hog
hair brush ancl a wax of low melting point,
snell as is user! for imbedding sections. It
will be fcund that besides prevenling the
solutio:! tri :: !:!i ::.: do\\·u the outside it en·
12 T II E C 0 L LEGE R E C v '·D.
ahit·>' on<~ to tl elin·1· lit<' n•a:.:ent ta~ily in
sing!~ dmps without resortin:.: to the plan
ot ouly partly withdra•.viu.:.: tile stopper.
~i.cnding Cast ll·un.
.\ gctwral inqJJ·es~ion ]l1'l'Yails that when
an~· ea't iron ohjc·t:t i' l•rol:en it cannot bl'
IJJend< l] .\ CIJITL'S]I(JIJ(](•Itt Of tlJl• ::\pw
Yorl: Tribt:ltl' u ·lls that a t·ement tna\' oe
n1:uk '':ltie!t \':ill hold 1h<· part' tuget.hl'r
p<'rfl'eLly. 1':tk<~ two ounces of s:tl ammo·
11iat. one (1\lUCL' of sub·JinH•d sulph11r and
tlll!' ]lOIIJH\ OJ' Cil'l im11 Jl]iugs. ~\IiX ill a
ntml:u· :111<1 l.eL'P the ]JO\\'!ie1' perfectly dry.
\\'lJ<u it is lo ltl' used mix it with twenty
tinH~ it.i \\'l'i ~llt of c1Pan iron filing~.
r;rintl 1 h<• '·holt, in a lllortar, wet with
\YatPr until it lJ'conws a paste and appl:;-
1o lite pa1·ts 10 be 1n~mh·d. After awhih·
it will IJt.'CUill~' ·~~ strong and hard as K.DJ
p:trt· of '!t' metal.
Do~''kins TaTJnetl by Electricity.
Tht• st ra;· t o;..:s 1 :cken up by the FrPnc!:
polic•·, aet·•.Tditt..( to a L•'rench journal, ar~
kilied and hatHh-d f)\'er to an enterprisinf!
tnanu fa(·t 11 rt.~t· h:\ whon1 the skins ar::
t:tttll<'d hy .,], ct ricity. Instead of takiiP!
!'l:'\'l .. ll \JI' L•i;J;t.t tnonths to transfonn Lh~
,;kins itt\0 lv::tlte r, as is Lbe ca~e by Lit ~
ordinary ~Y~ltm, del'lricity does the wol'l:
in tht·l'L' ot· ff)U J <la'l·s. The leather ~ 0
tannL)d. rnot·f.'o\'er. it is ns~erted, i-.; 1nu<.:t.
bettet· lliillt that nuulufactun·d by tht• 01'
11it1H. I'Y pt·ot:c~s, and when nl;H.le up intr.
l:tdies' Loots and shoes is mucb a<lmtrl'<'
for it~ ~ott and <lelieate qualiLies.
NotwithstmHlin!: tlte f:tct that tltPrf' ;,
sOillt:' pr. jndict> a!!ainst the use of JH ... troll-~ :p
in furua<.:e; 011 ac..:cunut of thl .. claitn tl litl ii
cau~-w con·•>-:-;.hHl, tht• ltu~~ian rail w;ty .... t· :· 1 ·
idlv l·:t''' 'thstitnte<l that futl for coal ft •t
tb~ir locnmf1tiv~.s..
WEDDING RECEPTIONS.
11 '\'VhHe' \\' edd in ~;:i ~uul the Old J4 ash·
io~u·U \.teddiu;; {.~~th:e Re,•ive<l.
''VhitP' ,,.t1 ddiu~s are now quite in
vogue, and a 'wL·dding reception' follows
the ceremony, t!Jough it may not be sc.
~ty led in t:H! ttote~ of invitation. An Eng­lhh
fad w!.kil is considered somewhat
smarter th•tu a rl'Ception only, when a.
wetl<iiug tak~e~ place early in the day, is a
luncbeon preceding the reception. Nat­urally
this entails cousidemble trouble ann
expense. 'rile weddinc; reception appeals
to the mnjot·ity of people on account of its
costing far IL'';~ and tbe opportunity it
oif<:rs of itl\'ilin ~.; double the number of
c:ne,ts, but ,.,·en at weddir.g receptions thG
refr<·sbtllents arJ of a more extensiYe ot·dcr
than .. tafternoon ··at liotnes;' for instance,
a. variety uf ::;n1a.l't h\Veet::; are gh•eo in atl ­,
Ji1 icu ·to the n'.;ulatiou afternoon tea
nte1tll, and cbnt.qm:,,ne or punch, and of
cOUl'Se Wl d ~Ill~ cakt·. lt Inay not be an1i~s
to add L.t:: - 1:· Li te latter is meant the huge
ol<l ltt:>.li~l.uf wetldiug cake, wllicb isagaiu
con:i!,_ iu f:LYOI'.
\ ·u~u a lu:,,c;t,•on is given the guests re­llHLin
buL a -..Uul·l. \ l:!le in thedl'awing room,
just a g,:latu .. :,· tlJUt~d at the presents, and
then iu to lllii<:]J~Oll, Lhe bride and bride­groom
I adiu,..: t.te way, followed by the
bridesmai<l~. with thL• ~;roomsmen, nearest
relatins, pi incipal gncs;;s and less impor­tallt
one~. Bn L ILtncheon is not a long af­fair,
uo ::s pcecbnud.i :l~, aud a quick return
to the <lnt•. i.1 ;,; r!lottt. Afrer a short stnv
and a 'goou by' to the bride and bride­groonl-
wt.o leave IJy an ~al'iy Ll'aio-nlany
of tbe gnl'st.~ Lake tl1l'ir (leparture; othP~LS
ren1ain durin!~ Lhe \Vholc of tbe reception
upwiJ:30.
Invitations a;·e bsued in the names of
both parer.ts, :\It'. a11d :\Irs. A--, ot· in tbe
JJ:,;robes in ''''inm;. n~une of ti1e Olll' parent liviut{, fatUE>L' or
ThP L.lcro-biolu~it:al s udics that hnve 111othcr, a'-1 t.he case 1uay be. v·hen, how-tJ.,
en lll:.de Of\\' tllC have SO far been \'ery few e\'Cl', a ut•i<ll' Ita-; llO parents and resides
m nun1l>er, an<l in particular no one seem~ with a sbt.er, the inYilatious shonld be
to baYc umlL rrakcn any contparath·e study i~sued in h<•r :-ister's name. \Yhen she re­of
natuml ;:s opposed LO artificial wiues. sides \\'ith a hrNher and sister, both names
Mi\1. ::ic!talit·r and Freuuenreich lHwe l'e- should be ou the note of im·itatiou. The
cent.Jy tn;;HtL· e-xhaustive c xaudoat..ion~ of cearesr. n:lative, \VIH.:ther father, mother.
a great variety of products, both as to age, broLhL·r or uncle. s hould give the bride
Ol'igin and coloration . 'l'he resnl ts obtained ;;.way. Th~ on<·'' !10 ic; to receive tl:a guests,
are both Jill .. l'f·~l iug itllU Ullt.·pectecl, :tlltl, wh~ther motile!' (Jl' ~ister, should leave tbe .
accordin :~ lo a r,•port tna<.le by the C\ew church imnll'<limely ttfter the brine and
York llcrald, prove tltat natural wmes COL'- bl'i<lec:rO!llll to IJe it: readiness to welcome
tain practically no e!Pments of fermenta- the111 011 th• ir :~rrival, .the brid_e and bride­t
ion, and cvt:u th:tt very old natural wi nes groom al. o t:,1\~ 1 ng tlwtr part Ill receivmg
contain no liv~ng micro-organisn1s at all. I ~}:~ ~.u:..:~~t~. ,!-tll·:·t. 1s ~~_o .pre~edenc.e as re­A
·t· r ·i: I wines on the contrary are filled ~<uclH leu' ut,., I l•e ch U1 t:h • t he r ule IS to get
: 1 It: 1 . • • I away as qnJ(:k l l' as po~sthle.
With ha~te1·w. -